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EU law prohibits the reproduction of the shape or appearance of a product protected by a PDO in certain circumstances

It is necessary to determine whether that reproduction may mislead consumers taking into account all the relevant factors, including the way in which the product is presented to the public and marketed and the factual context.

Information as to the ‘function’ of a cosmetic product which must appear on the product’s container and its packaging must inform consumers clearly as to that product’s purpose and method of use

Information concerning the particular precautions to be observed when using that product, its function and its ingredients may not appear in a company catalogue referred to by the symbol of a hand with an open book placed on the packaging or the container.

A manufacturer cannot install a defeat device which systematically improves, during approval procedures, the performance of the vehicle emission control system and thus obtain approval of the vehicle

The fact that it contributes to preventing the ageing or clogging up of the engine cannot justify the presence of such a defeat device

The existence of evidence of systemic or generalised deficiencies concerning judicial independence in Poland

The existence of evidence of systemic or generalised deficiencies concerning judicial independence in Poland or of an increase in those deficiencies does not in itself justify the judicial authorities of the other Member States refusing to execute any European arrest warrant issued by a Polish judicial authority.

A Union citizen may be extradited to a third State only after consultation with the Member State of which that citizen is a national

As part of that consultation, the Member State of nationality must be informed by the Member State from which extradition is requested of all the elements of fact and law communicated in the extradition request and must be allowed a reasonable time to issue any European arrest warrant in respect of that citizen.

In order to promote animal welfare in the context of ritual slaughter, Member States may, without infringing the fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter, require a reversible stunning procedure which cannot result in the animal’s death

A decree of the Flemish Region (Belgium) of 7 July 2017 (‘the decree’), amending the Law on the protection and welfare of animals, regarding permitted methods of slaughtering animals, prohibits animals from being slaughtered without prior stunning, including in the case of slaughter prescribed by a religious rite. In the context of ritual slaughter, the […]

By unilaterally seizing documents that are part of the archives of the ECB, Slovenia failed to fulfil its obligation to respect the principle of the inviolability of the archives of the Union.

Furthermore, by failing to cooperate properly with the ECB to eliminate the unlawful consequences of that infringement, Slovenia also failed to fulfil its obligation of sincere cooperation with regard to the European Union.

Hungary has failed to fulfil its obligations under EU law in the area of procedures for granting international protection and returning illegally staying third-country nationals

In particular, restricting access to the international protection procedure, unlawfully detaining applicants for that protection in transit zones and moving illegally staying third-country nationals to a border area, without observing the guarantees surrounding a return procedure, constitute infringements of EU law.